EU-GRLO 2021 Dataset

This is the complete dataset of European Democracy Consulting's Geographical Representation in EU Leadership Observatory 2021. Last edited on 12 February 2021.

The Geographical Representation in EU Leadership Observatory 2021 and its related dataset by European Democracy Consulting are licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

You are free to copy, distribute and transmit the publication as well as to remix and adapt it, provided it is only for non-commercial purposes, that you appropriately attribute the publication (European Democracy Consulting, https://eudemocracy.eu/geographical-representation-eu-leadership-observatory), and that you distribute it under an identical licence.

More information on the Observatory's webpage.

You can download the dataset in XLSX format and in CSV format.

Type	Entity	Acronym	Position	Name	Mandate start	Mandate end	Nationality	Region
Institution of the European Union	Commission of the European Atomic Energy Community	EAEC	President	Louis Armand	07/01/1958	02/02/1959	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	Commission of the European Atomic Energy Community	EAEC	President	Étienne Hirsch	03/02/1959	10/01/1962	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	Commission of the European Atomic Energy Community	EAEC	President	Pierre Chatenet	11/01/1962	05/07/1967	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	Council of the European Union	CEU	Secretary-General	Christian Calmes	09/07/1952	14/06/1973	Luxembourg	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	Council of the European Union	CEU	Secretary-General	Nicolas Hommel	01/07/1973	07/10/1980	Luxembourg	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	Council of the European Union	CEU	Secretary-General	Niels Ersbøll	08/10/1980	31/08/1994	Denmark	Northern Europe
Institution of the European Union	Council of the European Union	CEU	Secretary-General	Jürgen Trumpf	01/09/1994	17/10/1999	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	Council of the European Union	CEU	Secretary-General	Javier Solana	18/10/1999	30/11/2009	Spain	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	Council of the European Union	CEU	Secretary-General	Pierre de Boissieu	01/12/2009	26/06/2011	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	Council of the European Union	CEU	Secretary-General	Uwe Corsepius	27/06/2011	30/06/2015	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	Council of the European Union	CEU	Secretary-General	Jeppe Tranholm-Mikkelsen	01/07/2015	30/06/2025	Denmark	Northern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 1	Otmar Issing	01/06/1998	31/05/2006	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 1	Jürgen Stark	01/06/2006	31/12/2011	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 1	Jörg Asmussen	01/01/2012	08/01/2014	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 1	Sabine Lautenschläger	27/01/2014	31/10/2019	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 1	Fabio Panetta	01/01/2020	31/12/2027	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 2	Sirkka Hämäläinen	01/06/1998	31/05/2003	Finland	Northern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 2	Gertrude Tumpel-Gugerell	01/06/2003	31/05/2011	Austria	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 2	Peter Praet	01/06/2011	31/05/2019	Belgium	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 2	Philip R. Lane	01/06/2019	31/05/2027	Ireland	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 3	Eugenio Domingo Solans	01/06/1998	31/05/2004	Spain	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 3	José Manuel González-Páramo	01/06/2004	31/05/2012	Spain	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 3	Yves Mersch	15/12/2012	14/12/2020	Luxembourg	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 4	Tommaso Padoa-Schioppa	01/06/1998	31/05/2005	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 4	Lorenzo Bini Smaghi	01/06/2005	31/12/2011	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 4	Benoît Coeuré	01/01/2012	31/12/2019	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 4	Isabel Schnabel	01/01/2020	31/12/2027	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Executive Board Member 4	Frank Elderson	15/12/2020	14/12/2028	Netherlands	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	President	Alexandre Lamfalussy	12/01/1994	30/06/1997	Belgium	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	President	Wim Duisenberg	01/07/1997	31/10/2003	Netherlands	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	President	Jean-Claude Trichet	01/11/2003	31/10/2011	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	President	Mario Draghi	01/11/2011	31/10/2019	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	President	Christine Lagarde	01/11/2019	31/10/2027	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Vice-President	Christian Noyer	01/06/1998	31/05/2002	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Vice-President	Lucas Papademos	01/06/2002	31/05/2010	Greece	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Vice-President	Vitor Constâncio	01/06/2010	31/05/2018	Portugal	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Central Bank	ECB	Vice-President	Luis de Guindos	01/06/2018	31/05/2026	Spain	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	President	Walter Hallstein	01/01/1958	05/07/1967	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	President	Jean Rey	06/07/1967	01/07/1970	Belgium	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	President	Franco Maria Malfatti	02/07/1970	21/03/1972	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	President	Sicco Mansholt	22/03/1972	05/01/1973	Netherlands	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	President	François-Xavier Ortoli	06/01/1973	05/01/1977	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	President	Roy Jenkins	06/01/1977	05/01/1981	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	President	Gaston Thorn	06/01/1981	05/01/1985	Luxembourg	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	President	Jacques Delors	06/01/1985	22/01/1995	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	President	Jacques Santer	23/01/1995	15/03/1999	Luxembourg	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	President	Manuel Marín	15/03/1999	15/09/1999	Spain	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	President	Romano Prodi	16/09/1999	21/11/2004	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	President	José Manuel Barroso	22/11/2004	31/10/2014	Portugal	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	President	Jean-Claude Juncker	01/11/2014	30/11/2019	Luxembourg	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	President	Ursula von der Leyen	01/12/2019	30/11/2024	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	Secretary-General	Émile Noël	26/03/1958	18/09/1987	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	Secretary-General	David Williamson	19/09/1987	31/07/1997	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	Secretary-General	Carlo Trojan	01/08/1997	31/05/2000	Netherlands	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	Secretary-General	David O'Sullivan	01/06/2000	10/11/2005	Ireland	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	Secretary-General	Catherine Day	11/11/2005	31/08/2015	Ireland	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	Secretary-General	Alexander Italianer	01/09/2015	28/02/2018	Netherlands	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	Secretary-General	Martin Selmayr	01/03/2018	31/07/2019	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Commission	EC	Secretary-General	Ilze Juhansone	01/08/2019	Incumbent	Latvia	Eastern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Council	EUCO	President	Herman Van Rompuy	01/12/2009	30/11/2014	Belgium	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Council	EUCO	President	Donald Tusk	01/12/2014	30/11/2019	Poland	Eastern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Council	EUCO	President	Charles Michel	01/12/2019	30/11/2024	Belgium	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	President	Michael N. Murphy	11/11/1977	17/10/1981	Ireland	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	President	Pierre Lelong	18/10/1981	17/10/1984	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	President	Marcel Mart	18/10/1984	20/12/1989	Luxembourg	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	President	Aldo Angioi	09/01/1990	31/12/1992	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	President	André J. Middelhoek	12/01/1993	31/12/1995	Netherlands	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	President	Bernhard Friedmann	01/01/1996	17/01/1999	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	President	Jan O. Karlsson	18/01/1999	31/12/2001	Sweden	Northern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	President	Juan Manuel Fabra Vallés	16/01/2002	15/01/2005	Spain	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	President	Hubert Weber	16/01/2005	15/01/2008	Austria	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	President	Vítor Manuel da Silva Caldeira	16/01/2008	30/09/2016	Portugal	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	President	Klaus-Heiner Lehne	13/09/2016	30/09/2022	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	Secretary-General	Patrick Everard	16/10/1989	09/02/1994	Belgium	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	Secretary-General	Edouard Ruppert	25/02/1994	30/06/2001	Luxembourg	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	Secretary-General	Michel Hervé	01/07/2001	31/10/2008	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	Secretary-General	John Speed	09/10/2008	15/03/2009	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	Secretary-General	Eduardo Ruiz Garcia	16/03/2009	31/05/2020	Spain	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Auditors	ECA	Secretary-General	Philipe Froidure	01/06/2020	Incumbent	Belgium	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	President	Massimo Pilotti	10/12/1952	06/10/1958	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	President	Andreas Matthias Donner	07/10/1958	07/10/1964	Netherlands	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	President	Charles Léon Hammes	08/10/1964	09/10/1967	Luxembourg	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	President	Robert Lecourt	10/10/1967	06/10/1976	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	President	Hans Kutscher	07/10/1976	30/10/1980	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	President	Josse Mertens de Wilmars	31/10/1980	10/04/1984	Belgium	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	President	John Mackenzie-Stuart	11/04/1984	06/10/1988	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	President	Ole Due	07/10/1988	06/10/1994	Denmark	Northern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	President	Gil Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias	07/10/1994	06/10/2003	Spain	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	President	Vassilios Skouris	07/10/2003	08/10/2015	Greece	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	President	Koen Lenaerts	09/10/2015	06/10/2021	Belgium	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	Registrar	Albert Van Houtte	07/10/1953	09/02/1982	Belgium	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	Registrar	Paul Heim	10/02/1982	09/02/1988	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	Registrar	Jean-Guy Giraud	10/02/1988	09/02/1994	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	Registrar	Roger Grass	10/02/1994	06/10/2010	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	Registrar	Alfredo Calot Escobar	07/10/2010	Incumbent	Spain	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	Vice-President	Koen Lenaerts	09/10/2012	08/10/2015	Belgium	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	Vice-President	Antonio Tizzano	09/10/2015	08/10/2018	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Court of Justice	ECJ	Vice-President	Rosario Silva de Lapuerta	09/10/2018	06/10/2021	Spain	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Paul-Henri Spaak	11/09/1952	11/05/1954	Belgium	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Alcide De Gasperi	12/05/1954	19/08/1954	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Giuseppe Pella	29/11/1954	27/11/1956	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Hans Furler	28/11/1956	19/03/1958	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Robert Schuman	20/03/1958	18/03/1960	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Hans Furler	19/03/1960	27/03/1962	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Gaetano Martino	28/03/1962	21/03/1964	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Jean Duvieusart	21/03/1964	24/09/1965	Belgium	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Victor Leemans	24/09/1965	07/03/1966	Belgium	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Alain Poher	07/03/1966	11/03/1969	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Mario Scelba	11/03/1969	16/03/1971	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Walter Behrendt	16/03/1971	13/03/1973	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Cornelis Berkhouwer	13/03/1973	10/03/1975	Netherlands	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Georges Spénale	11/03/1975	08/03/1977	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Emilio Colombo	08/03/1977	17/07/1979	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Simone Veil	17/07/1979	19/01/1982	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Piet Dankert	19/01/1982	24/07/1984	Netherlands	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Pierre Pflimlin	24/07/1984	20/01/1987	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Henry Plumb	20/01/1987	25/07/1989	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Enrique Barón Crespo	25/07/1989	21/01/1992	Spain	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Egon Klepsch	21/01/1992	26/07/1994	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Klaus Hänsch	26/07/1994	14/01/1997	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	José María Gil-Robles	14/01/1997	20/07/1999	Spain	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Nicole Fontaine	20/07/1999	15/01/2002	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Pat Cox	15/01/2002	20/07/2004	Ireland	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Josep Borrell	20/07/2004	16/01/2007	Spain	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Hans-Gert Pöttering	16/01/2007	14/07/2009	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Jerzy Buzek	14/07/2009	17/01/2012	Poland	Eastern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Martin Schulz	17/01/2012	17/01/2017	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	Antonio Tajani	17/01/2017	03/07/2019	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	President	David Sassoli	03/07/2019	02/07/2024	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	Secretary-General	Roermond Frits de Nerée tot Babberich	10/09/1952	15/10/1961	Netherlands	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	Secretary-General	Hans Nord	16/10/1961	14/11/1979	Netherlands	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	Secretary-General	Hans Joachim Opitz	15/11/1979	09/09/1985	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	Secretary-General	Enrico Vinci	10/09/1985	28/02/1997	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	Secretary-General	Julian Priestley	01/03/1997	01/03/2007	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	Secretary-General	Harald Rømer	02/03/2007	14/03/2009	Denmark	Northern Europe
Institution of the European Union	European Parliament	EP	Secretary-General	Klaus Welle	15/03/2009	Incumbent	Germany	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community	ECSC	President	Jean Monnet	10/08/1952	03/06/1955	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community	ECSC	President	René Mayer	04/06/1955	13/01/1958	France	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community	ECSC	President	Paul Finet	14/01/1958	15/09/1959	Belgium	Western Europe
Institution of the European Union	High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community	ECSC	President	Piero Malvestiti	16/09/1959	22/10/1963	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community	ECSC	President	Rinaldo Del Bo	23/10/1963	01/03/1967	Italy	Southern Europe
Institution of the European Union	High Authority of the European Coal and Steel Community	ECSC	President	Albert Coppé	02/03/1967	05/07/1967	Belgium	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	President	Jacques Blanc	09/03/1994	20/03/1996	France	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	President	Pasqual Maragall i Mira	21/03/1996	18/02/1998	Spain	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	President	Manfred Dammeyer	19/02/1998	16/02/2000	Germany	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	President	Jos Chabert	17/02/2000	06/02/2002	Belgium	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	President	Albert Bore	07/02/2002	11/02/2004	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	President	Peter Straub	12/02/2004	16/02/2006	Germany	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	President	Michel Delebarre	17/02/2006	06/02/2008	France	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	President	Luc Van den Brande	07/02/2008	10/02/2010	Belgium	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	President	Mercedes Bresso	11/02/2010	18/07/2012	Italy	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	President	Ramón Luis Valcárcel	19/07/2012	26/06/2014	Spain	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	President	Michel Lebrun	27/06/2014	12/02/2015	Belgium	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	President	Markku Markkula	13/02/2015	12/07/2017	Finland	Northern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	President	Karl-Heinz Lambertz	13/07/2017	12/02/2020	Belgium	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	President	Apostolos Tzitzikostas	13/02/2020	12/07/2022	Greece	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	Secretary-General	Dietrich Pause	30/08/1994	31/08/1999	Germany	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	Secretary-General	Vincenzo Falcone	01/09/1999	08/10/2003	Italy	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	Secretary-General	Gerhard Stahl	09/10/2003	31/08/2014	Germany	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	Secretary-General	Jiří Buriánek	01/09/2014	07/10/2019	Czech Republic	Central Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	Secretary-General	Pedro Martinez Cervilla	08/10/2019	15/12/2019	Spain	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	Committee of the Regions	CoR	Secretary-General	Petr Blížkovský	16/12/2019	15/12/2024	Czech Republic	Central Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr de Staercke	25/04/1958	28/09/1960	Belgium	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Rosenberg	29/09/1960	24/04/1962	Germany	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Roche	25/04/1962	25/05/1964	France	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Giustiniani	26/05/1964	24/04/1966	Italy	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Major	17/05/1966	16/05/1968	Belgium	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Berns	17/05/1968	16/05/1970	Luxembourg	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Kuipers	23/08/1970	16/09/1972	Netherlands	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Lappas	17/09/1972	16/09/1974	Germany	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Canonge	17/09/1974	16/09/1976	France	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr de Ferranti	17/09/1976	16/09/1978	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Vanni	28/06/1978	16/09/1980	Italy	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mrs Baduel-Glorioso	19/09/1978	22/06/1979	Italy	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Tomas Roseingrave	17/09/1980	18/09/1982	Ireland	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Ceyrac	21/09/1982	20/09/1984	France	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Muhr	21/09/1984	20/09/1986	Germany	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Margot	21/09/1986	20/09/1988	Belgium	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Masprone	21/09/1988	20/09/1990	Italy	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Staedelin	21/09/1990	30/12/1991	France	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Geuenich	30/01/1992	20/10/1992	Germany	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mrs Tiemann	21/10/1992	20/09/1994	Germany	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Ferrer	18/10/1994	29/10/1996	Spain	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Jenkins	30/10/1996	13/10/1998	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mrs Rangoni-Machiavelli	14/10/1998	18/10/2000	Italy	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mr Frerichs	19/10/2000	22/10/2002	Germany	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Roger Briesch	23/10/2002	26/10/2004	France	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Anne Marie Sigmund	27/10/2004	24/10/2006	Austria	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Dimitris Dimitriadis	25/10/2006	21/10/2008	Greece	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Mario Sepi	22/10/2008	19/10/2010	Italy	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Staffan Nilsson	20/10/2010	17/04/2013	Sweden	Northern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Henri Malosse	18/04/2013	06/10/2015	France	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	George Dassis	07/10/2015	17/04/2018	Greece	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Luca Jahier	18/04/2018	27/10/2020	Italy	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	President	Christa Schweng	28/10/2020	30/04/2023	Austria	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	Secretary-General	Jacques Genton	01/01/1958	26/09/1971	France	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	Secretary-General	Delfo Delfini	27/09/1971	31/12/1978	Italy	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	Secretary-General	Roger Louet	01/01/1979	31/10/1987	France	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	Secretary-General	Jacques Moreau	01/11/1987	31/10/1992	France	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	Secretary-General	Simon-Pierre Nothomb	01/11/1992	30/09/1996	Belgium	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	Secretary-General	Adriano Graziosi	01/10/1996	30/09/1998	Italy	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	Secretary-General	Patrick Venturini	01/10/1998	30/09/2008	France	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	Secretary-General	Martin Westlake	01/10/2008	30/09/2013	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	Secretary-General	Nicolas Alexopoulos	01/10/2013	28/02/2014	Greece	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	Secretary-General	Luis Planas	01/03/2014	06/06/2018	Spain	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	Secretary-General	Maria Echevarria Vinuela	10/07/2018	13/11/2018	Spain	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European Economic and Social Committee	EESC	Secretary-General	Gianluca Brunetti	14/11/2018	Incumbent	Italy	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European External Action Service	EEAS	HR/VP	Jürgen Trumpf	01/05/1999	18/10/1999	Germany	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European External Action Service	EEAS	HR/VP	Javier Solana	18/10/1999	01/12/2009	Spain	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European External Action Service	EEAS	HR/VP	Catherine Ashton	01/12/2009	01/11/2014	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European External Action Service	EEAS	HR/VP	Federica Mogherini	01/11/2014	30/11/2019	Italy	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European External Action Service	EEAS	HR/VP	Josep Borrell	01/12/2019	30/11/2024	Spain	Southern Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European External Action Service	EEAS	Secretary-General	Pierre Vimont	25/10/2010	28/02/2015	France	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European External Action Service	EEAS	Secretary-General	Alain Le Roy	01/03/2015	31/08/2016	France	Western Europe
Advisory bodies to the European Union	European External Action Service	EEAS	Secretary-General	Helga Schmid	01/09/2016	04/12/2020	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	Authority for European Political Parties and European Political Foundations	APPF	Director	Michael Adam	01/09/2016	31/08/2021	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Anti-Fraud Office	OLAF	Director-General	Franz-Hermann Brüner	01/03/2000	08/01/2010	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Anti-Fraud Office	OLAF	Director-General	Nicholas Ilett	09/01/2010	13/02/2011	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Anti-Fraud Office	OLAF	Director-General	Giovanni Kessler	14/02/2011	15/10/2017	Italy	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European Anti-Fraud Office	OLAF	Director-General	Nicholas Ilett	16/10/2017	31/07/2018	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Anti-Fraud Office	OLAF	Director-General	Ville Itälä	01/08/2018	Incumbent	Finland	Northern Europe
Other EU body	European Institute of Innovation and Technology	EIT	Director	Gérard de Nazelle	01/11/2009	31/08/2010	France	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Institute of Innovation and Technology	EIT	Director	Ronald de Bruin	01/09/2010	30/06/2011	Netherlands	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Institute of Innovation and Technology	EIT	Director	José Manuel Leceta	01/07/2011	31/07/2014	Spain	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European Institute of Innovation and Technology	EIT	Director	Martin Kern	01/08/2014	30/09/2023	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	President	Pietro Campilli	01/02/1958	31/05/1959	Italy	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	President	Paride Formentini	01/06/1959	15/09/1970	Italy	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	President	Yves Le Portz	16/09/1970	15/06/1984	France	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	President	Ernst-Günther Bröder	16/06/1984	31/03/1993	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	President	Brian Unwin	01/04/1993	31/12/1999	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	President	Philippe Maystadt	01/01/2000	31/12/2011	Belgium	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	President	Werner Hoyer	01/01/2012	31/12/2021	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	Secretary-General	Jean Frere	01/03/1958	31/05/1962	Belgium	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	Secretary-General	Jean Lenaert	01/06/1962	31/01/1980	Belgium	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	Secretary-General	Eugenio Greppi	01/02/1980	30/06/1981	Italy	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	Secretary-General	Hans Hitzlberger	01/07/1981	31/12/1982	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	Secretary-General	Paul Dirix	01/01/1983	30/11/1985	Belgium	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	Secretary-General	Dieter Hartwich	01/12/1985	31/03/1992	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	Secretary-General	Thomas Oursin	01/04/1993	30/06/1996	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	Secretary-General	Francis Carpenter	01/07/1996	31/07/2002	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	Secretary-General	Eberhard Uhlmann	01/08/2002	31/12/2006	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	Secretary-General	Alfonso Querejeta	01/01/2007	31/08/2015	Spain	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	Secretary-General	Klaus Trömel	01/09/2015	28/02/2018	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Bank	EIB	Secretary-General	Marjut Falkstedt	01/03/2018	Incumbent	Finland	Northern Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Fund	EIF	Chief Executive	Walter Cernoia	01/06/2000	31/07/2002	Italy	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Fund	EIF	Chief Executive	Francis Carpenter	01/08/2002	28/02/2008	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Fund	EIF	Chief Executive	Richard Pelly	01/04/2008	31/03/2014	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Fund	EIF	Chief Executive	Pier Luigi Gilibert	01/03/2014	31/12/2019	Italy	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Fund	EIF	Chief Executive	Alain Godard	01/01/2020	Incumbent	France	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Fund	EIF	Secretary-General	Helmut Kuhrt	01/07/1994	30/09/1997	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Fund	EIF	Secretary-General	Christopher Sibson	01/10/1997	30/09/2000	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Fund	EIF	Secretary-General	Robert Wagener	01/10/2000	30/09/2008	Luxembourg	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Investment Fund	EIF	Secretary-General	Maria Leander	01/10/2008	Incumbent	Sweden	Northern Europe
Other EU body	European Personnel Selection Office	EPSO	Director	Erik Halskov	01/01/2002	31/08/2007	Denmark	Northern Europe
Other EU body	European Personnel Selection Office	EPSO	Director	Nicholas David Bearfield	01/09/2007	31/05/2018	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Personnel Selection Office	EPSO	Director	Minna Vuorio	16/05/2020	15/05/2025	Finland	Northern Europe
Other EU body	European Public Prosecutor's Office	EPPO	European Public Prosecutor	Laura Codruța Kövesi	31/10/2019	30/10/2026	Romania	Eastern Europe
Other EU body	European Research Council	ERC	President	Fotis Kafatos	01/02/2007	01/03/2010	Greece	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European Research Council	ERC	President	Helga Nowotny	02/03/2010	31/12/2013	Austria	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Research Council	ERC	President	Jean-Pierre Bourguignon	01/01/2014	31/12/2019	France	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Research Council	ERC	President	Mauro Ferrari	01/01/2020	07/04/2020	Italy	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European Research Council	ERC	President	Jean-Pierre Bourguignon	27/07/2020	Incumbent	France	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Research Council	ERC	Secretary-General	Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker	01/01/2007	30/06/2009	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	European Research Council	ERC	Secretary-General	Andreu Mas-Colell	01/07/2009	31/08/2010	Spain	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European Research Council	ERC	Secretary-General	Donald Dingwell	01/09/2011	31/12/2013	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	European School of Administration	EUSA	Head	David Walker	26/01/2005	31/12/2016	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Other EU body	European School of Administration	EUSA	Head	Anna Smedeby	01/01/2017	02/01/2020	Sweden	Northern Europe
Other EU body	European School of Administration	EUSA	Head	Ana Yturriaga Saldanha	03/01/2020	Incumbent	Spain	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	President	Max Kohnstamm	15/11/1976	31/12/1981	Netherlands	Western Europe
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	President	Werner Maihofer	01/01/1982	30/09/1987	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	President	Emile Noël	01/10/1987	31/12/1993	France	Western Europe
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	President	Patrick Masterson	01/01/1994	31/12/2001	Ireland	Western Europe
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	President	Yves Mény	01/01/2002	31/12/2009	France	Western Europe
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	President	Josep Borrell Fontelles	01/01/2010	31/05/2012	Spain	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	President	Marise Cremona	01/06/2012	31/08/2013	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	President	J. H.H. Weiler	01/09/2013	31/08/2016	United States
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	President	Renaud Dehousse	01/09/2016	30/08/2021	Belgium	Western Europe
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	Secretary-General	Marcello Buzzonetti	15/11/1976	09/05/1995	Italy	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	Secretary-General	Antonio Zanardi Landi	01/01/1996	05/03/2001	Italy	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	Secretary-General	Gianfranco Varvesi	06/03/2001	31/12/2005	Italy	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	Secretary-General	Marco Del Panta Ridolfi	01/03/2007	30/06/2011	Italy	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	Secretary-General	Pasquale Ferrara	01/07/2011	01/03/2016	Italy	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	Secretary-General	Vincenzo Schioppa Narrante	02/03/2016	24/08/2016	Italy	Southern Europe
Other EU body	European University Institute	EUI	Secretary-General	Vincenzo Grassi	30/12/2016	06/12/2021	Italy	Southern Europe
Other EU body	Office of the European Data Protection Supervisor	EDPS	European Data Protection Supervisor	Peter Hustinx	17/01/2004	03/12/2014	Netherlands	Western Europe
Other EU body	Office of the European Data Protection Supervisor	EDPS	European Data Protection Supervisor	Giovanni Buttarelli	04/12/2014	05/12/2019	Italy	Southern Europe
Other EU body	Office of the European Data Protection Supervisor	EDPS	European Data Protection Supervisor	Wojciech Wiewiórowski	06/12/2019	05/12/2024	Poland	Eastern Europe
Other EU body	Office of the European Ombudsman	EO	European Ombudsman	Jacob Söderman	12/07/1995	01/04/2003	Finland	Northern Europe
Other EU body	Office of the European Ombudsman	EO	European Ombudsman	Nikiforos Diamandouros	01/04/2003	01/10/2013	Greece	Southern Europe
Other EU body	Office of the European Ombudsman	EO	European Ombudsman	Emily O'Reilly	01/10/2013	30/09/2024	Ireland	Western Europe
Other EU body	Publications Office of the European Union	PO	Director-General	Charles Reichling	01/10/1971	30/04/1973	Luxembourg	Western Europe
Other EU body	Publications Office of the European Union	PO	Director-General	Louis Knaff	01/10/1973	31/03/1975	France	Western Europe
Other EU body	Publications Office of the European Union	PO	Director-General	Walter Verheyden	01/03/1976	30/06/1989	Belgium	Western Europe
Other EU body	Publications Office of the European Union	PO	Director-General	Lucien Emringer	01/08/1989	31/07/2000	Luxembourg	Western Europe
Other EU body	Publications Office of the European Union	PO	Director-General	Thomas Cranfield	01/08/2000	31/07/2007	Ireland	Western Europe
Other EU body	Publications Office of the European Union	PO	Director-General	Martine Reicherts	01/08/2007	16/07/2014	Luxembourg	Western Europe
Other EU body	Publications Office of the European Union	PO	Director-General	Martine Reicherts	01/11/2014	31/08/2015	Luxembourg	Western Europe
Other EU body	Publications Office of the European Union	PO	Director-General	Rudolph Strohmeier	01/05/2016	31/07/2020	Germany	Western Europe
Other EU body	Publications Office of the European Union	PO	Director-General	António Carneiro	01/08/2020	Incumbent	Portugal	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	Body of European Regulators of Electronic Communications	BEREC Office	Director	Ando Rehemaa	30/09/2010	31/03/2014	Estonia	Eastern Europe
Agency of the European Union	Body of European Regulators of Electronic Communications	BEREC Office	Director	László Ignéczi	01/04/2014	31/03/2024	Hungary	Central Europe
Agency of the European Union	Community Plant Variety Office	CPVO	President	Bart Kiewiet	15/07/1996	31/07/2011	Netherlands	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Community Plant Variety Office	CPVO	President	Martin Ekvad	01/08/2011	31/08/2021	Sweden	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency	CHAFEA	Executive Director	Luc Briol	21/09/2005	15/12/2015	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency	CHAFEA	Executive Director	Jacques Remacle	16/12/2015	31/03/2016	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Consumers, Health, Agriculture and Food Executive Agency	CHAFEA	Executive Director	Veronique Wasbauer	01/04/2016	31/03/2021	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency	EACEA	Director	Gilbert GASCARD	16/07/2005	31/10/2012	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency	EACEA	Director	Brian HOLMES	01/11/2012	31/07/2018	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency	EACEA	Director	Milvia VAN RIJ-BRIZZI	01/08/2018	15/02/2019	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	Education, Audiovisual and Culture Executive Agency	EACEA	Director	Roberto Carlini	16/02/2019	Incumbent	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	EU Agency for Law Enforcement Training	CEPOL	Executive Director	Ulf Göransson	01/01/2001	31/01/2010	Sweden	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	EU Agency for Law Enforcement Training	CEPOL	Executive Director	Ferenc Bánfi	01/02/2010	15/02/2018	Hungary	Central Europe
Agency of the European Union	EU Agency for Law Enforcement Training	CEPOL	Executive Director	Detlef Schröder	16/02/2018	15/02/2023	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Euratom Supply Agency	ESA	Director-General	Fernand Spaak	01/06/1960	30/06/1967	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Euratom Supply Agency	ESA	Director-General	Franz Cancellario d'Alena	01/07/1967	31/05/1971	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	Euratom Supply Agency	ESA	Director-General	Félix Oboussier	01/06/1971	06/05/1977	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Euratom Supply Agency	ESA	Director-General	Jean-Claude Blanquart	07/05/1977	15/08/1977	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Euratom Supply Agency	ESA	Director-General	Jan-Baldem Mennicken	16/08/1977	31/01/1983	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Euratom Supply Agency	ESA	Director-General	Jean-Claude Blanquart	01/02/1983	15/06/1983	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Euratom Supply Agency	ESA	Director-General	Georg von Klitzing	16/06/1983	31/08/1988	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Euratom Supply Agency	ESA	Director-General	Jean-Claude Blanquart	01/09/1988	31/12/1988	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Euratom Supply Agency	ESA	Director-General	Michael Goppel	01/01/1989	31/08/2001	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Euratom Supply Agency	ESA	Director-General	Christian Waeterloos	01/09/2001	30/06/2008	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Euratom Supply Agency	ESA	Director-General	Christian Cleutinx	01/07/2008	31/03/2011	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Euratom Supply Agency	ESA	Director-General	Stamatios Tsalas	16/07/2011	31/10/2016	Greece	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	Euratom Supply Agency	ESA	Director-General	Marian O'Leary	01/11/2016	31/12/2018	Ireland	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Euratom Supply Agency	ESA	Director-General	Stefano Ciccarello	01/01/2019	31/03/2019	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	Euratom Supply Agency	ESA	Director-General	Agnieszka Ewa Kaźmierczak	01/04/2019	Incumbent	Poland	Eastern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Agency for Reconstruction	EAR	Director	Hugues Mingarelli	01/02/2000	30/06/2002	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Agency for Reconstruction	EAR	Director	Richard Zink	01/10/2002	30/09/2007	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Agency for Reconstruction	EAR	Director	Adriano Martins	01/10/2007	31/12/2008	Portugal	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Agency for Safety and Health at Work	EU-OSHA	Executive Director	Hans-Horst Konkolewsky	16/09/1996	15/09/2006	Denmark	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Agency for Safety and Health at Work	EU-OSHA	Executive Director	Jukka Takala	16/09/2006	15/09/2011	Finland	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Agency for Safety and Health at Work	EU-OSHA	Executive Director	Christa Sedlatschek	16/09/2011	15/09/2021	Austria	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Asylum Support Office	EASO	Executive Director	Robert Visser	01/02/2011	31/10/2015	Netherlands	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Asylum Support Office	EASO	Executive Director	José Carreira	01/11/2015	06/06/2018	Portugal	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Asylum Support Office	EASO	Executive Director	Jamil Addou	07/06/2018	15/06/2019	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Asylum Support Office	EASO	Executive Director	Nina Gregori	16/06/2019	15/06/2024	Slovenia	Central Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Banking Authority	EBA	Executive Director	Adam Farkas	18/04/2011	31/01/2020	Hungary	Central Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Banking Authority	EBA	Executive Director	Peter Mihalik	01/02/2020	31/08/2020	Slovakia	Central Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Banking Authority	EBA	Executive Director	François-Louis Michaud	01/09/2020	31/08/2025	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Body for the Enhancement of Judicial Co-operation	Eurojust	Director	Ernst Merz	15/05/2002	14/05/2008	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Body for the Enhancement of Judicial Co-operation	Eurojust	Director	Jacques Vos	15/05/2008	30/04/2009	Netherlands	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Body for the Enhancement of Judicial Co-operation	Eurojust	Director	Hans Jahreiss	01/05/2009	30/09/2011	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Body for the Enhancement of Judicial Co-operation	Eurojust	Director	Klaus Rackwitz	01/10/2011	14/09/2016	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Body for the Enhancement of Judicial Co-operation	Eurojust	Director	Nick Panagiotopoulos	15/09/2016	30/06/2021	Greece	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Border and Coast Guard Agency	Frontex	Executive Director	Ilkka Laitinen	01/05/2005	01/01/2015	Finland	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Border and Coast Guard Agency	Frontex	Executive Director	Fabrice Leggeri	01/01/2015	31/12/2024	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control	ECDC	Director	Zsuzsanna Jakab	01/03/2005	31/03/2010	Hungary	Central Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control	ECDC	Director	Marc Sprenger	01/04/2010	30/04/2015	Netherlands	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control	ECDC	Director	Andrea Ammon	01/05/2015	21/03/2022	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training	CEDEFOP	Director	Carl Jørgensen	01/01/1976	30/09/1977	Denmark	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training	CEDEFOP	Director	Roger Faist	01/10/1977	30/09/1984	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training	CEDEFOP	Director	Ernst Piehl	01/10/1984	30/04/1994	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training	CEDEFOP	Director	Corrado Politi	01/05/1994	30/09/1994	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training	CEDEFOP	Director	Johan van Rens	01/10/1994	30/09/2005	Netherlands	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training	CEDEFOP	Director	Aviana Bulgarelli	16/10/2005	15/10/2010	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training	CEDEFOP	Director	Christian F. Lettmayr	16/10/2010	15/10/2013	Austria	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training	CEDEFOP	Director	James Calleja	16/10/2013	15/10/2018	Malta	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training	CEDEFOP	Director	Mara Brugia	01/06/2018	31/08/2019	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Centre for the Development of Vocational Training	CEDEFOP	Executive Director	Jürgen Siebel	01/09/2019	31/08/2024	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Chemicals Agency	ECHA	Executive Director	Geert Dancet	01/06/2007	31/12/2017	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Chemicals Agency	ECHA	Executive Director	Bjorn Hansen	01/01/2018	31/12/2022	Denmark	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Defence Agency	EDA	Chief Executive	Nicholas Witney	01/10/2004	30/09/2007	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Defence Agency	EDA	Chief Executive	Alexander Weis	01/10/2007	30/09/2010	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Defence Agency	EDA	Chief Executive	Adam Sowa	01/10/2010	15/01/2011	Poland	Eastern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Defence Agency	EDA	Chief Executive	Claude France Arnould	16/01/2011	16/01/2015	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Defence Agency	EDA	Chief Executive	Rini Goos	17/01/2015	31/01/2015	Netherlands	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Defence Agency	EDA	Chief Executive	Jorge Domecq	01/02/2015	31/01/2020	Spain	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Defence Agency	EDA	Chief Executive	Olli Ruutu	01/02/2020	30/04/2020	Finland	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Defence Agency	EDA	Chief Executive	Šedivy	01/05/2020	30/04/2023	Czech Republic	Central Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Environment Agency	EEA	Executive Director	Domingo Jimenez	01/06/1994	31/05/2002	Spain	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Environment Agency	EEA	Executive Director	Gordon McInnes	01/06/2002	31/05/2003	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Environment Agency	EEA	Executive Director	Jacqueline McGlade	01/06/2003	31/05/2013	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Environment Agency	EEA	Executive Director	Hans Bruyninckx	01/06/2013	31/05/2023	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Fisheries Control Agency	EFCA	Executive Director	Harm Koster	15/06/2006	31/08/2011	Netherlands	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Fisheries Control Agency	EFCA	Executive Director	Pascal Savouret	01/09/2011	31/08/2021	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Food Safety Authority	EFSA	Director	Jeoffrey Podger	01/02/2003	25/11/2005	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Food Safety Authority	EFSA	Director	Herman Koëter	26/11/2005	30/06/2006	Netherlands	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Food Safety Authority	EFSA	Director	Catherine Geslain Lanéelle	01/07/2006	31/08/2013	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Food Safety Authority	EFSA	Director	Bernhard Url	01/09/2013	22/10/2023	Austria	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions	Eurofound	Executive Director	Wiebe de Jong	01/09/1976	15/05/1984	Netherlands	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions	Eurofound	Executive Director	Henrik Stener Pedersen	16/05/1984	17/12/1984	Denmark	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions	Eurofound	Executive Director	John McColgan	18/12/1984	14/05/1985	Ireland	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions	Eurofound	Executive Director	Clive Purkiss	15/05/1985	14/10/1999	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions	Eurofound	Executive Director	Eric Verborgh	15/10/1999	30/04/2000	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions	Eurofound	Executive Director	Raymond-Pierre Bodin	01/05/2000	04/07/2003	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions	Eurofound	Executive Director	Willy Buschak	05/07/2003	30/11/2005	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions	Eurofound	Executive Director	Jorma Karppinen	01/12/2005	30/11/2010	Finland	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions	Eurofound	Executive Director	Juan Menéndez-Valdés	01/12/2010	30/11/2020	Spain	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions	Eurofound	Executive Director	Maria Jepsen	01/12/2020	Incumbent	Denmark	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European GNSS Agency	GSA	Executive Director	Pedro Pereira	01/07/2005	30/06/2010	Portugal	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European GNSS Agency	GSA	Executive Director	Heike Wieland	01/07/2010	31/01/2011	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European GNSS Agency	GSA	Executive Director	Carlo des Dorides	01/02/2011	31/01/2020	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European GNSS Agency	GSA	Executive Director	Pascal Claudel	01/02/2020	15/10/2020	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European GNSS Agency	GSA	Executive Director	Rodrigo da Costa	16/10/2020	15/10/2025	Portugal	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Institute for Gender Equality	EIGE	Director	Virginija Langbakk	15/04/2009	31/01/2020	Sweden	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Institute for Gender Equality	EIGE	Director	Carlien Scheele	01/02/2020	31/01/2025	Netherlands	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority	EIOPA	Executive Director	Carlos Montalvo	01/01/2011	31/03/2016	Spain	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Insurance and Occupational Pensions Authority	EIOPA	Executive Director	Fausto Parente	01/04/2016	31/03/2026	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy	F4E	Director	Didier Gambier	01/10/2007	31/03/2010	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy	F4E	Director	Frank Briscoe	01/04/2010	15/08/2012	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy	F4E	Director	Hans Jahreiss (acting)	16/08/2012	31/12/2012	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy	F4E	Director	Henrik Bindslev	01/01/2013	28/02/2015	Denmark	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy	F4E	Director	Pietro Barabaschi (acting)	01/03/2015	31/12/2015	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Joint Undertaking for ITER and the Development of Fusion Energy	F4E	Director	Johannes Schwemmer	01/01/2016	31/12/2023	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Maritime Safety Agency	EMSA	Director	Willem De Ruiter	16/03/2003	30/11/2011	Netherlands	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Maritime Safety Agency	EMSA	Director	Leendert Bal	01/12/2011	31/08/2012	Netherlands	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Maritime Safety Agency	EMSA	Director	Markku Mylly	01/09/2012	31/12/2018	Finland	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Maritime Safety Agency	EMSA	Director	Maja Markovčić Kostelac	01/01/2019	31/12/2023	Croatia	Central Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Medicines Agency	EMA	Director	Fernand Sauer	01/09/1994	30/11/2000	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Medicines Agency	EMA	Director	Thomas Lönngren	01/01/2001	31/12/2010	Sweden	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Medicines Agency	EMA	Director	Andreas Pott	01/01/2011	15/11/2011	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Medicines Agency	EMA	Director	Guido Rasi	16/11/2011	18/12/2014	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Medicines Agency	EMA	Director	Andreas Pott	19/12/2014	15/11/2015	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Medicines Agency	EMA	Director	Guido Rasi	16/11/2015	15/11/2020	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Medicines Agency	EMA	Director	Emer Cooke	16/11/2020	15/11/2025	Ireland	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction	EMCDDA	Director	Georges Estievenart	01/01/1995	31/12/2004	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction	EMCDDA	Director	Jaume bardolet	01/01/2005	30/04/2005	Spain	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction	EMCDDA	Director	Wolfgang Götz	01/05/2005	31/12/2015	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Monitoring Centre for Drugs and Drug Addiction	EMCDDA	Director	Alexis Goosdeel	01/01/2016	31/12/2020	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Research Council Executive Agency	ERCEA	Director	Jack Metthey	16/07/2008	31/12/2010	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Research Council Executive Agency	ERCEA	Director	Pablo Amor	01/01/2011	31/07/2019	Spain	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Research Council Executive Agency	ERCEA	Director	Waldemar Kütt	01/08/2019	31/07/2023	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Securities and Markets Authority	ESMA	Executive Director	Verena Ross	01/06/2011	31/05/2021	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Systemic Risk Board	ESRB	Head	Francesco Mazzaferro	16/12/2010	31/12/2020	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Training Foundation	ETF	Executive Director	Peter De Rooij	01/07/1994	30/06/2004	Netherlands	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Training Foundation	ETF	Executive Director	Muriel Dunbar	01/07/2004	30/06/2009	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Training Foundation	ETF	Executive Director	Madlen Serban	01/07/2009	30/06/2017	Romania	Eastern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Training Foundation	ETF	Executive Director	Cesare Onestini	01/09/2017	31/08/2022	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for Cybersecurity	ENISA	Executive Director	Andrea Pirotti	16/10/2004	15/10/2009	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for Cybersecurity	ENISA	Executive Director	Udo Helmbrecht	16/10/2009	15/10/2019	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for Cybersecurity	ENISA	Executive Director	Juhan Lepassaar	16/10/2019	15/10/2024	Estonia	Eastern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights	FRA	Director	Beate Winkler	16/07/1998	15/07/2007	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights	FRA	Director	Manolopoulos Constantinos	16/07/2007	31/05/2008	Greece	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights	FRA	Director	Morten Kjaerum	01/06/2008	31/03/2015	Denmark	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights	FRA	Director	Manolopoulos Constantinos	01/04/2015	30/11/2015	Greece	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights	FRA	Director	Michael O’Flaherty	01/12/2015	15/12/2023	Ireland	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation	EUROPOL	Director	Jürgen Storbeck	01/07/1999	30/06/2004	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation	EUROPOL	Director	Mariano Simancas	01/07/2004	15/04/2005	Spain	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation	EUROPOL	Director	Max-Peter Ratzel	16/04/2005	15/04/2009	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation	EUROPOL	Director	Rob Wainwright	16/04/2009	01/05/2018	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for Law Enforcement Cooperation	EUROPOL	Director	Catherine De Bolle	02/05/2018	01/05/2022	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for Railways	ERA	Executive Director	Marcel Verslype	01/01/2004	31/12/2014	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for Railways	ERA	Executive Director	Josef Doppelbauer	01/01/2015	31/12/2024	Austria	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators	ACER	Director	Alberto Pototschnig	16/09/2010	31/12/2019	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for the Cooperation of Energy Regulators	ACER	Director	Christian Zinglersen	01/01/2020	31/12/2024	Denmark	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Agency for the Operational Management of Large-Scale IT Systems in the Area of Freedom, Security and Justice​	eu-LISA	Executive Director	Krum Garkov	01/11/2012	31/10/2022	Bulgaria	Eastern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Aviation Safety Agency	EASA	Executive Director	Patrick Goudou	01/09/2003	31/08/2013	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Aviation Safety Agency	EASA	Executive Director	Patrick Ky	01/09/2013	31/08/2023	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Institute for Security Studies	EUISS	Director	Nicole Gnesotto	01/01/2002	30/04/2007	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Institute for Security Studies	EUISS	Director	Alvaro de Vasconcelos	01/05/2007	31/05/2012	Portugal	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Institute for Security Studies	EUISS	Director	Antonio Missiroli	16/10/2012	30/11/2017	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Institute for Security Studies	EUISS	Director	Gustav Lindström	16/01/2018	15/01/2023	Sweden	Northern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Intellectual Property Office	EUIPO	Executive Director	Jean-Claude Combaldieu	01/09/1994	30/09/2000	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Intellectual Property Office	EUIPO	Executive Director	Wubbo de Boer	01/10/2000	30/09/2010	Netherlands	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Intellectual Property Office	EUIPO	Executive Director	António Campinos	01/10/2010	30/06/2018	Portugal	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Intellectual Property Office	EUIPO	Executive Director	Christian Archambeau	01/07/2018	30/06/2023	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Satellite Centre	EU SatCen	Director	Fernando Davara	01/01/2002	31/12/2004	Spain	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Satellite Centre	EU SatCen	Director	Frank Asbeck	01/01/2005	31/12/2009	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Satellite Centre	EU SatCen	Director	Tomaz Lovrencic	01/01/2010	31/12/2014	Slovenia	Central Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Satellite Centre	EU SatCen	Director	Pascal Legai	01/01/2015	30/04/2019	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Satellite Centre	EU SatCen	Director	Giuseppe D’Amico	01/05/2019	31/05/2019	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	European Union Satellite Centre	EU SatCen	Director	Sorin Ducaru	01/06/2019	31/05/2024	Romania	Eastern Europe
Agency of the European Union	Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises	EASME	Director	Patrick Lambert	01/12/2004	31/07/2016	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises	EASME	Director	Marco Malacarne	01/08/2016	15/09/2017	Italy	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises	EASME	Director	Julien Guerrier	16/09/2017	31/03/2020	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Executive Agency for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises	EASME	Director	Luisa Prista	01/04/2020	Incumbent	Portugal	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	Innovation and Networks Executive Agency	INEA	Director	Dirk Beckers	01/09/2007	Incumbent	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Research Executive Agency	REA	Director	Graham Stroud	16/07/2008	15/07/2012	United Kingdom	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Research Executive Agency	REA	Director	Gilbert Gascard	01/11/2012	31/03/2017	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Research Executive Agency	REA	Director	Marc Tachelet	01/04/2017	31/03/2022	Belgium	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Single Resolution Board	SRB	Chair	Elke König	01/01/2015	22/12/2022	Germany	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union	CDT	Director	Francisco De Vicente	01/10/1995	14/01/2005	Spain	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union	CDT	Director	Marie-Anne Fernández	15/01/2005	30/04/2006	Spain	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union	CDT	Director	Gailė Dagilienė	01/05/2006	30/06/2013	Lithuania	Eastern Europe
Agency of the European Union	Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union	CDT	Director	Marie-Anne Fernández	01/07/2013	31/07/2015	Spain	Southern Europe
Agency of the European Union	Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union	CDT	Director	Benoît Vitale	01/08/2015	03/01/2016	France	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union	CDT	Director	Máire Killoran	04/01/2016	31/12/2018	Ireland	Western Europe
Agency of the European Union	Translation Centre for the Bodies of the European Union	CDT	Director	Benoît Vitale	01/01/2019	31/12/2023	France	Western Europe

Note: for various reasons, the collected data is not always entirely accurate. In rare cases, surveyed entities did not provide information or sufficiently detailed information. Our own research filled in many of these blanks but still left a few entries unclear: sometimes no clear records were found, sometimes we found contradictory records or overlapping mandate dates, and sometimes the question of the identity of the person “acting” in a certain position complicated matters further. When in doubt, we rounded to the most sensible choice. These points apply notably to the Presidents of the European Economic and Social Committee (1966 to 1990), the Executive Directors of Eurofound (before 2000), the Directors-General of the Euratom Supply Agency (1960 to before the incumbent), the Presidents and Directors-General of the European University Institute (1994 to before the incumbents), and to the Secretaries-General of the European Parliament (1958 to 2009). At any rate, not only are these cases very few compared to the size of the dataset, but their impact is very circumscribed, as most individuals concerned stem from Western or Southern Europe — meaning the aggregated data per region is seldom affected.